Adhesive



March 9, 1943.

Y @www gmc/who@ disrupted from the body and Patentedl Mar. 9, 1943 Benjamin F. Armstrong Original application 6 Claims.

My invention relates to an adhesive forsecuring hard surfaced covering materials to supporting bases. More particularly my invention relates to an adhesive for securing hard surfaced coverings Which include a stratum of partible fibrous material to a supporting base, the adhesive forming a layer effective for securing the partible fibrous stratum to the base in such Adams, LancastenPa., assignor to Cork Company, corporation of Pennsylvania November 8, 1937, Serial No. now Patent No. 2,274,916, dated March Divided and Lancaster, Pa., a

this application June 11, 1938, Serial No. 213,232

(Cl. 10G-241) a manner'that the oor covering may be removed from the base by rupture of the adhesive layer by reason of erties of the adhesive being inferior to the partible qualities of the fibrous stratum.

Hard surfaced floor coverings embodying a stratum of partible material, such for example as asphalt saturated felt base having an applied paint decoration, Linoor, which includes a supporting stratum of asphalt saturated felt and a Wear surface of oxidized oil composition, industrial iiooring materials which comprise an asphalt saturated felt web having a wear surface of colored asphaltic material, Chromalinf made `in accordance with Graham and Lines Patent No. 1,971,036, including an asphalt saturated felt supporting base, and -Kolor-Flor made in accordance with Jackson Patents Nos. 1,729,832 and 1,729,833 and Finley Patent No. 1,802,009, including a partible saturated fibrous body and, in some instances, an asphalt saturated felt carrier or base, are typical of covering materials which cannot be cemented to a supporting base and satisfactorily removed therefrom. Where a partible fibrous stratum is secured to a base by adhesive, in the manner in which linoleum is secured, for example, such coverings cannot be conveniently removed because the effective securing properties of the adhesive are greater of the fibrous layer, leaving a portion of the fibrous layer attached to the iioor by the adhesive.

If the partible stratum in the covering is of a waterproof type, as it is in many instances, it is important that not only to preserve the value of the floor covering for reuse, but to facilitate the supporting baseafter such removal to rethan the partible qualities Y the cleaning of the effective securing propit be removable as a whole, i

ceive whatever replacement covering is intended.

The 'removal of those portions which would be attached to the fioor upon attempted removal of the floor covering would be very difficult, since the binder responds to no cheap readily available solvent and, due to the waterproof binder saturating the fibrous material, the fibers are tenaciously secured to one another and present a surface infillers may,

and excessive, wear.

capable of being rendered smooth by brushing or other mechanical methods.

An object ofA my invention is to provide an adhesive composition effective for bonding a hard surface covering, including 'a stratum of partible fibrous material, to a base, the adhesive being characterized by its eiective securing properties being inferior to the partible qualities of the fibrous stratum whereby the covering may be bonded directly to a supporting base and may be subsequently conveniently removed therefrom Without damage to the covering and while leaving the base in condition satisfactory toreceive a new covering.

Preferably, my adhesive composition is formed as follows: I place approximately 1868 pounds of alcohol (denatured) in a horizontal type mixer and add 2132` pounds of acaroid resin thereto. The mass is agitated vigorously for three hours, in which time the greater partvof the acaroid resin is dissolved; a small portion of insoluble material remains in the solution.

Preferably, thesolution is strained to remove particular reference to the use of acaroid resin as an adhesive material, it will be understood other resins, either natural or synthetic, may be used in its'place, for example, shellac, rosin, Manila gum, glyptal resin, or the like. Other of course, be substituted for the slate fiour in whole or in part; other vehicles may be used in place of alcohol, if desired. 'I'he above composition may be varied as desired,

mind that the composition must be.

bearing in less resistant to tensile forces than the partible fibrous stratum which it is to secure to a base.

From experiments, I have determined certain definite limits of cohesion, within which the required feature of ready removability is obtained. I have determined that limits of cohesion of 6 to 30 pounds resistance are satisfactory. ,Y With greater tensile resistance than 30 pounds, the composition is resistant to a degree to prevent ready removability ofthe covering; with tensile resistance less than 6 pounds, its securing properties are dangerously weak and the covering may be loosened from the base by severe traine The pull test hereafter referred to as the Scott test" used to estab- `2 lishthese limits may be carried on in the followa notched doctor s second layer thereover.

ing manner:

To one side of'a strip of wood 6" long by 2" wide a thin layer of .adhesive is applied, using blade to distribute the composition evenly over the entire hard surface covering 8" by 2" wide, one end of which is placed flush with one end of the strip of wood, the other end extending free` beyond the `wood strip. After rolling to obtain a satisfactory bond between the wood and the covering, the sample is maintained at normal roomtemperature for approximately four days to dry or set the adhesivef The resistance of the adhesive to tensile forces is determined by placing the sample in a Scott tensile strength machine at right angles vto the direction of the forces to be exerted. The strength of the forces recorded as the covering is removed from the wood strip measures the resistance of the adhesive to tensile forces. A

In the accompanying drawing illustrating my invention, there is shown a hard surfacecovering securedto a base, a corner of the covering being raised to show the adhesive composition effective for bonding the covering to the base. Referring to the drawing,

Wearing surface 4 and a stratum of partible brous material l, which may be saturated by a waterproofing compound if desired, secured to the base 2 by the adhesive composition 6. I form my building structure in the following manner: First, I prepare the base to receive a covering;

surface. To the composition is immediately applied a strip -of ythe there is shown a base 2, and a hard surface covering 3 comprising a that is, it is cleaned and levelled so that it presents a clean, dry, substantially smooth surface. A layer of adhesive composition is spread evenly over the base; the hard surface covering is laid thereon before the composition is dry and rmly pressed thereagainst, as by rolling', placing heavy sand bags thereover, or the likef When the adhesive composition has dried, the covering is securely attached to the base.

When it is desired to remove the eoveringthe adhesive composition may be: readily ruptured by exerting tensile forces on the structure. When the covering is removed, the base may'be readily While I havedescribed and illustrated a preferred embodiment of understood that it is not my invention, it will be limited to such form, since it may be otherwise embodied within the scope of the following claims.

1. An adhesive composition for bonding a hard surface covering including a stratum of partible fibrous material to a base so that the same may be removed therefrom Iby rupture of said .adhesive without rupturing of the partible fibrous material comprising a mixture of a solution of resin and a flllerin such relative proportions that the composition when dried and solidified is rup' turable within. the range of from 6 to 30 pounds as determined bythe Scott test.

2. An adhesive composition for bonding a hard surface covering including a stratum of partible fibrous material saturated with a moisture resistant substance to a base so that the same may be removed therefrom by rupture oi said adhesive without rupturing of the partible ilbrous material comprising a mixture of asolu tion of acaroid resin and a filler in such relative proportions that the composition when dried and solidified is rupturable within the range of from 6 to 30 pounds as determined by the Scott test."

3. An adhesive composition for bonding a hard surface covering including a stratum of partible fibrous material saturated with a moisture resistant substance to a. base so that the same may be removed therefrom by rupture of said adhesive without rupturing of the partible fibrous material comprising a mixture of a solution of resin `and filler in such relative proportions that the composition when dried and solidified is rupturable within the range of from 6 to 30 pounds as determined by the Scott test.

4. An adhesive composition for bonding a hard surface covering including a stratum of partible fibrous material to a base so that the vSallie may put in condition to receive a new covering by removing the adhesive composition remaining thereon and following the process described above. I have found, in many cases, that it is not essential to remove .the adhesive' composition. remaining on the base sincea good bond may be secured by merely placing another layer thereover and securing a covering thereto. Preferably, however, I remove the adhesive composition, since, in some cases, the composition is not spread sufficiently smooth to permit a As will be apparent from the above description, my invention contemplates an adhesive which permits easy and efficient' removalof the floor covering secured thereby to a base, thus obviating expensive removal costs. and eliminates the possibility of destruction of thefloor covering in-such removal. By the use of my adhesive, it is possible to remove theiloor covering as a unit and, if the material is t for further use, it may be relaid with facility.

'I'his application is a division of my copending application, Serial No. 173,407; entitled Building structure, filed November 8, 1937 now Paten No. 2,274,916, dated March 3, 1942.

be removed therefrom without rupturing the partible fibrous stratum comprisinga solution of acaroid resin and a filler, the proportion of resin to filler ona dry/weight basis being about equal, such om vsition when set being resistant yto tensile f cesjin the range oftsixto thirty pounds as deter ined by the Scott test.

5. 'An adhesive composition for bonding a hard surface covering including a stratum of partible fibrous material to a base so that the same may be removed therefrom without rupturing the partible fibrous stratum comprising an acaroid resin solution containing about 50% of solids by weight and about an equal portion of a slate iiour filler to resin solids by weight, such composition when set being resistant to tensile forces in therange of six to thirty pounds as determined by the Scott test.

6. An adhesive composition for bonding a hard surface covering including a stratum of partible fibrous material to a base so that the same may be removed therefrom without rupturingthe partible fibrous 4stratum comprising about one part by weight of acaroid resin, about one part by weight of a finely divided filler, and about one part by weight of a solvent for the acaroid resin, such composition when set being resistant to tensile forces in the range of six to thirty pounds as determined by the Scott test.

BEN.: AMIN F. ADAMS. 

